Acne is a skin condition that, although more common during adolescence, can affect people of all ages. It may be caused by a variety of different factors, and in some cases can be difficult to manage successfully.
Here, we’ll explore acne’s causes, treatments, and prevention strategies for keeping your skin as clear and healthy as possible, and what can be done to manage acne breakouts effectively.
What is Acne?
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles (small holes that an individual hair grows out of) under the skin become clogged. Often visible on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, and back, acne is characterized by the appearance of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. It can affect anyone but is most prevalent among teenagers due to the hormonal changes they experience during puberty that can stimulate sebaceous glands to produce excess oil.
While commonly associated with cosmetic concerns, acne can also lead to physical discomfort and emotional distress. Understanding acne is the first step towards managing and preventing its occurrence.
What Causes Acne?
Different factors, such as certain medications, diet, smoking, and some cosmetic products, can cause or contribute to acne, and it often runs in families. Adolescents are more likely to experience acne because the sebaceous glands, that produce sebum (oil) to keep the skin and hair moisturized, are particularly sensitive to hormones. It is believed that increased levels of testosterone cause these glands to produce much more sebum than the skin needs.
There are four primary causes of acne:
- Excess Oil Production – When these glands overproduce sebum, it can clog pores and lead to acne.
- Hair Follicles Clogged by Oil and Dead Skin Cells – If hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, it prevents the sebum from reaching the surface of the skin, leading to the growth of bacteria and inflammation.
- Bacteria – Harmless bacteria lives on the skins surface, but they can contaminate and infect clogged pores and hair follicles, causing signs of acnes, such as pustules, nodules, papules, and cysts, or worsen acne symptoms.
- Inflammation – When your body detects an excess of bacteria, it sends immune cells to fight the infection, causing inflammation and redness.
Acne Treatments
Over-the-counter acne treatments, such as topical gels, creams, or face wash, aim to reduce acne symptoms. Many contain benzoyl peroxide, which works as an antiseptic to reduce bacteria on the surface of the skin. Over-the-counter treatments are usually only recommended for mild to moderate acne.
However, products containing benzoyl peroxide are not suitable for everyone. You should discuss your suitability with your healthcare provider before commencing treatment, as in some cases, it may cause an allergic reaction or make symptoms worse, particularly if you have sensitive skin. Exposure to strong sunlight should also be avoided while using products containing benzoyl peroxide.
Dermatologic Care for Acne
Dermatologists, medical doctors who specialize in conditions that affect the skin, can help you if you are suffering with acne by determining the cause of it and finding the most effective management plan.
Although acne can be persistent and certain factors may exacerbate symptoms or trigger its return, such as fluctuations in hormones, stress, and pregnancy, there are a range of effective prescription treatments available. Your dermatologist can provide personalized treatment recommendations for your specific acne, from mild to severe cases, regardless of your age or skin type.
Common acne treatment options include:
- Topical Treatments – These medicated treatments aim to reduce oil production, fight bacterial infections, and decrease inflammation. Antibiotics, retinoids, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and benzoyl peroxide, are common ingredients in many prescription creams, gels, and lotions.
- Oral Medications – Antibiotics, combined oral contraceptives, and anti-androgen agents can help manage acne by targeting the root causes, be it inflammation, hormonal imbalances, or bacterial growth.
- Dermatologic Acne Treatments – For more severe or persistent acne, a dermatologist may recommend therapies like chemical peels, drainage and extraction, steroid injections, or light and laser therapy. These may be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as medications.
Prevention Strategies
While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent acne altogether, there are strategies that can help reduce your risk of breakouts or make your symptoms more manageable:
- Wash Your Face Correctly – Don’t overdo it; washing your face too often or with harsh soaps can cause irritation or excess oil production. Stick to a gentle cleanser and use lukewarm water to rinse your face.
- Consider Your Makeup Routine – When possible, choose cosmetics labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free” to avoid clogging your pores, and always remove makeup before bedtime to let your skin breathe. Acne may develop when the skin comes into contact with greasy or oily substances, such as sun lotions and creams. Ask a pharmacist or healthcare provider for advice on which sunscreen is right for your skin type and opt for using an effective facial sunscreen or oil-free moisturizer containing sun protection to help keep skin healthy and prevent sun damage.
- Avoid Touching Your Face – Our hands carry a lot of bacteria, dirt, and oil that can easily transfer to the face and contribute to acne. Avoid touching or rubbing your face throughout the day.
- Stay Hydrated – Drinking plenty of water keeps your skin hydrated and helps flush out toxins.
- Eat a Balanced Diet – Consuming foods high in processed sugars or unhealthy fats may trigger acne breakouts. Instead, opt for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.
- Reduce Stress – Although stress doesn’t directly cause acne, it can contribute to making acne symptoms worse. Try to get enough sleep, and take time out to relax and unwind.
Acne is a common skin condition that affects many people, but knowing the causes and effective treatments can help manage it effectively. By seeking professional dermatologic care and following prevention strategies, you can help keep your skin clear and healthy. Remember to be patient and consistent with your skincare routine, and don’t hesitate to seek help from a dermatologist for persistent or severe acne.
Best Skin Doctor in Miami
When at-home remedies aren’t enough, it’s time to seek professional help. Finding the best skin doctor to guide you through your acne journey is essential for successful management. The team at Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center prides itself on their exceptional dermatologic care, providing patients with comprehensive evaluations and personalized treatment plans that ensure optimal results.
Board-certified and fellowship trained dermatologist, Dr. T.J. Giuffrida, is an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of skin conditions, including acne.
To learn more about the services we provide or to book a consultation, call us at (305) 461-2000 or contact us using our convenient online request form. We look forward to helping you achieve healthy, clear skin!
